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    Container Clusters
    • 05 Oct 2024
    • 5 Minutes to read
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    Container Clusters

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    Article summary

    You can also run LimaCharlie at the host level in a container cluster system
    like Kubernetes in order to monitor all running containers on the host with
    a single Sensor. In fact, this is the preferred method as it reduces the overhead
    of running LC within every single container.

    This is accomplished by a combination of a few techniques:

    1. A privileged container running LC.

    2. LC runs with HOST_FS environment variable pointing to the host's root filesystem mounted within the container.

    3. LC runs with the NET_NS environment variable pointing to the host's directory listing network namespaces.

    4. Running the container with the required flags to make sure it can have proper access.

    The first step is straight forward. For example, set the environment like ENV HOST_FS=/rootfs and ENV NET_NS=/netns as part of your Dockerfile. This will let the LC sensor know where it can expect host-level information.

    The second step is to run the container like: docker run --privileged --net=host -v /:/rootfs:ro --env HOST_FS=/rootfs -v /var/run/docker/netns:/netns:ro --env NET_NS=/netns --env LC_INSTALLATION_KEY=your_key your-lc-container-name.

    Remember to pick the appropriate LC sensor architecture installer for the container that will be running LC (not the host).
    So if your privileged container runs Alpine Linux, use the alpine64 version of LC.

    A public version of the container described below is available from dockerhub as: refractionpoint/limacharlie_sensor:latest.

    Sample Configurations

    This is a sample Dockerfile you may use to run LC within a privileged container as described above:

    # Requires an LC_INSTALLATION_KEY environment variable
    # specifying the installation key value.
    # Requires a HOST_FS environment variable that specifies where
    # the host's root filesystem is mounted within the container
    # like "/rootfs".
    # Requires a NET_NS environment variable that specific where
    # the host's namespaces directory is mounted within the container
    # like "/netns".
    # Example:
    # export ENV HOST_FS=/rootfs
    # docker run --privileged --net=host -v /:/rootfs:ro -v /var/run/docker/netns:/netns:ro --env HOST_FS=/rootfs --env NET_NS=/netns --env LC_INSTALLATION_KEY=your_key refractionpoint/limacharlie_sensor
    
    FROM alpine
    
    RUN mkdir lc
    WORKDIR /lc
    
    RUN wget https://downloads.limacharlie.io/sensor/linux/alpine64 -O lc_sensor
    RUN chmod 500 ./lc_sensor
    
    CMD ./lc_sensor -d -
    Docker

    And this is a sample Kubernetes deployment on

    a cluster supporting eBPF (kernel > 5.7):

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: DaemonSet
    metadata:
      name: lc-sensor
      namespace: lc-monitoring
      labels:
        app: lc-monitoring
    spec:
      minReadySeconds: 30
      updateStrategy:
        type: RollingUpdate
        rollingUpdate:
          maxUnavailable: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: lc-monitoring
      template:
        metadata:
          namespace: lc-monitoring
          labels:
            app: lc-monitoring
        spec:
          hostNetwork: true
          hostPID: true
          containers:
            - name: lc-sensor
              image: refractionpoint/limacharlie_sensor:latest
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              securityContext:
                allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
                privileged: true
                capabilities:
                  add: ['CAP_SYS_ADMIN']
              resources:
                requests:
                  memory: 128M
                  cpu: 0.01
                limits:
                  memory: 256M
                  cpu: 0.9
              volumeMounts:
                - mountPath: /rootfs
                  name: all-host
                - mountPath: /netns
                  name: all-host-ns
                - mountPath: /sys/kernel/debug
                  name: all-host-krnl
                - mountPath: /sys/kernel/btf
                  name: btf
                - mountPath: /lib/modules
                  name: libmodules
              env:
                - name: HOST_FS
                  value: /rootfs
                - name: NET_NS
                  value: /netns
                - name: LC_INSTALLATION_KEY
                  value: <<<< YOUR INSTALLATION KEY GOES HERE >>>>
          volumes:
            - name: all-host
              hostPath:
                path: /
            - name: all-host-ns
              hostPath:
                path: /var/run/docker/netns
            - name: all-host-krnl
              hostPath:
                path: /sys/kernel/debug
            - name: btf
              hostPath:
                path: /sys/kernel/btf
            - name: libmodules
              hostPath:
                path: /lib/modules
    YAML

    a cluster not supporting eBPF (kernel < 5.7):

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: DaemonSet
    metadata:
      name: lc-sensor
      namespace: lc-monitoring
      labels:
        app: lc-monitoring
    spec:
      minReadySeconds: 30
      updateStrategy:
        type: RollingUpdate
        rollingUpdate:
          maxUnavailable: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: lc-monitoring
      template:
        metadata:
          namespace: lc-monitoring
          labels:
            app: lc-monitoring
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: lc-sensor
              image: refractionpoint/limacharlie_sensor:latest
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              securityContext:
                allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
                privileged: true
              resources:
                requests:
                  memory: 128M
                  cpu: 0.01
                limits:
                  memory: 256M
                  cpu: 0.9
              volumeMounts:
                - mountPath: /rootfs
                  name: all-host-fs
                - mountPath: /netns
                  name: all-host-ns
              env:
                - name: HOST_FS
                  value: /rootfs
                - name: NET_NS
                  value: /netns
                - name: LC_INSTALLATION_KEY
                  value: <<<< YOUR INSTALLATION KEY GOES HERE >>>>
          volumes:
            - name: all-host-fs
              hostPath:
                path: /
            - name: all-host-ns
              hostPath:
                path: /var/run/docker/netns
          hostNetwork: true
    YAML

    SELinux

    On some hardened versions of Linux, certain file paths are prevented from loading .so (Shared Object) files. LimaCharlie requires a location where
    it can write .so files and load them. To enable this on hardened versions of Linux, you can specify a LC_MOD_LOAD_LOC environment variable containing
    a path to a valid directory for loading, like /lc for example. This environment variable needs to be set for the sensor executable (rphcp) at runtime.


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