Reference: Operators

Operators are used in the Detection part of a Detection & Response rule. Operators may also be accompanied by other available parameters, such as transforms, times, and others, referenced later in this page.

For more information on how to use operators, read Detection & Response Rules.

Operators

and, or

The standard logical boolean operations to combine other logical operations. Takes a single rules: parameter that contains a list of other operators to "AND" or "OR" together.

Example:

op: or
rules:
  - ...rule1...
  - ...rule2...
  - ...

is

Tests for equality between the value of the "value": <> parameter and the value found in the event at the "path": <> parameter.

Supports the file name and sub domain transforms.

Example rule:

event: NEW_PROCESS
op: is
path: event/PARENT/PROCESS_ID
value: 9999

exists

Tests if any elements exist at the given path (regardless of its value).

Example rule:

event: NEW_PROCESS
op: exists
path: event/PARENT

The exists operator also supports an optional truthy parameter. When true, this parameter indicates the exists should treat null and "" (empty string) values as if they were non-existent like:

The rule:

op: exists
path: some/path
truthy: true

applied to:

{
  "some": {
    "path": ""
  }
}

would NOT match.

contains

The contains checks if a substring can be found in the value at the path.

An optional parameter count: 3 can be specified to only match if the given
substring is found at least 3 times in path.

Supports the file name and sub domain transforms.

Example rule:

event: NEW_PROCESS
op: contains
path: event/COMMAND_LINE
value: reg
count: 2

ends with, starts with

The starts with checks for a prefix match and ends with checks for a suffix match.

They both check if the value found at path matches the given value, based on the operator.

Supports the file name and sub domain transforms.

is greater than, is lower than

Check to see if a value is greater or lower (numerically) than a value in the event.

They both use the path and value parameters. They also both support the length of parameter as a boolean (true or false). If set to true, instead of comparing
the value at the specified path, it compares the length of the value at that path.

matches

The matches op compares the value at path with a regular expression supplied in the re parameter. Under the hood, this uses the Golang's regexp package, which also enables you to apply the regexp to log files.

Supports the file name and sub domain transforms.

Example:

event: FILE_TYPE_ACCESSED
op: matches
path: event/FILE_PATH
re: .*\\system32\\.*\.scr
case sensitive: false

string distance

The string distance op looks up the Levenshtein Distance between two strings. In other words it generates the minimum number of character changes required for one string to become equal to another.

For example, the Levenshtein Distance between google.com and googlr.com (r instead of e) is 1.

This can be used to find variations of file names or domain names that could be used for phishing, for example.

Suppose your company is onephoton.com. Looking for the Levenshtein Distance between all DOMAIN_NAME in DNS_REQUEST events, compared to onephoton.com it could detect an attacker using onephot0n.com in a phishing email domain.

The operator takes a path parameter indicating which field to compare, a max parameter indicating the maximum Levenshtein Distance to match and a value parameter that is either a string or a list of strings that represent the value(s) to compare to. Note that although string distance supports the value to be a list, most other operators do not.

Supports the file name and sub domain transforms.

Example:

event: NEW_PROCESS
op: string distance
path: event/DOMAIN_NAME
value:
  - onephoton.com
  - www.onephoton.com
max: 2

This would match onephotom.com and 0nephotom.com but NOT 0neph0tom.com.

Using the file name transform to apply to a file name in a path:

event: NEW_PROCESS
op: string distance
path: event/NEW_PROCESS
file name: true
value:
  - svchost.exe
  - csrss.exe
max: 2

This would match svhost.exe and csrss32.exe but NOT csrsswin32.exe.

is 32 bit, is 64 bit, is arm

All of these operators take no additional arguments, they simply match if the relevant sensor characteristic is correct.

Example:

op: is 64 bit

is platform

Checks if the event under evaluation is from a sensor of the given platform.

Takes a name parameter for the platform name. The current platforms are:

• windows
• linux
• macos
• ios
• android
• chrome
• vpn
• text
• json
• gcp
• aws
• carbon_black
• crowdstrike
• 1password
• office365
• msdefender

Example:

op: is platform
name: 1password

is tagged

Determines if the tag supplied in the tag parameter is already associated with the sensor that the event under evaluation is from.

lookup

Looks up a value against a lookup add-on (a.k.a. resource) such as a threat feed.

event: DNS_REQUEST
op: lookup
path: event/DOMAIN_NAME
resource: lcr://lookup/malwaredomains
case sensitive: false

This rule will get the event/DOMAIN_NAME of a DNS_REQUEST event and check if it's a member of the lookup named malwaredomains. If it is, then the rule is a match.

The value is supplied via the path parameter and the lookup is defined in the resource parameter. Resources are of the form lcr://RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_NAME. In order to access a lookup, your organization must be subscribed to it.

Supports the file name and sub domain transforms.

API-based lookups, like VirusTotal and IP Geolocation, work a little bit differently. For more information, see Using API-based lookups.

You can create your own lookups and optionally publish them in the add-on marketplace. To learn more, see Lookups and Lookup Manager.

scope

In some cases, you may want to limit the scope of the matching and the path you use to be within a specific part of the event. The scope operator allows you to do just that, reset the root of the event/ in paths to be a sub-path of the event.

This comes in as very useful for example when you want to test multiple values of a connection in a NETWORK_CONNECTIONS event but always on a per-connection. If you were to do a rule like:

event: NETWORK_CONNECTIONS
op: and
rules:
  - op: starts with
    path: event/NETWORK_ACTIVITY/?/SOURCE/IP_ADDRESS
    value: '10.'
  - op: is
    path: event/NETWORK_ACTIVITY/?/DESTINATION/PORT
    value: 445

you would hit on events where any connection has a source IP prefix of 10. and any connection has a destination port of 445. Obviously this is not what we had in mind, we wanted to know if a single connection has those two characteristics.

The solution is to use the scope operator. The path in the operator will become the new event/ root path in all operators found under the rule. So the above would become

Example:

event: NETWORK_CONNECTIONS
op: scope
path: event/NETWORK_ACTIVITY/
rule:
  op: and
  rules:
    - op: starts with
      path: event/SOURCE/IP_ADDRESS
      value: '10.'
    - op: is
      path: event/DESTINATION/PORT
      value: 445

cidr

The cidr checks if an IP address at the path is contained within a given
CIDR network mask.

Example rule:

event: NETWORK_CONNECTIONS
op: cidr
path: event/NETWORK_ACTIVITY/SOURCE/IP_ADDRESS
cidr: 10.16.1.0/24

is private address

The is private address checks if an IP address at the path is a private address
as defined by RFC 1918.

Example rule:

event: NETWORK_CONNECTIONS
op: is private address
path: event/NETWORK_ACTIVITY/SOURCE/IP_ADDRESS

is public address

The is public address checks if an IP address at the path is a public address
as defined by RFC 1918.

Example rule:

event: NETWORK_CONNECTIONS
op: is public address
path: event/NETWORK_ACTIVITY/SOURCE/IP_ADDRESS

Transforms

Transforms are transformations applied to the value being evaluated in an event, prior to the evaluation.

file name

Sample: file name: true

The file name transform takes a path and replaces it with the file name component of the path. This means that a path of c:\windows\system32\wininet.dll will become wininet.dll.

sub domain

Sample: sub domain: "-2:"

The sub domain extracts specific components from a domain name. The value of sub domain is in slice notation. It looks like startIndex:endIndex, where the index is 0-based and indicates which parts of the domain to keep.

Some examples:

• 0:2 means the first 2 components of the domain: aa.bb for aa.bb.cc.dd.
• -1 means the last component of the domain: cc for aa.bb.cc.
• 1: means all components starting at 1: bb.cc for aa.bb.cc.
• : means to test the operator to every component individually.

is older than

Test if a value in event at the "path": <> parameter, assumed to be either a second-based epoch or a millisecond-based epoch is older than a number of seconds as specified by the seconds parameter, centered in time at "now" during evaluation.

Example rule:

event: login-attempt
op: is older than
path: routing/event_time
seconds: 3600

where the example above would match on a login-attempt event that occured more than 1h ago.

Times

All operators support an optional parameter named times. When specified, it must contain a list of Time Descriptors when the accompanying operator is valid. Your rule can mix-and-match multiple Time Descriptors as part of a single rule on per-operator basis.

Here's an example rule that matches a Chrome process starting between 11PM and 5AM, Monday through Friday, Pacific Time:

event: NEW_PROCESS
op: ends with
path: event/FILE_PATH
value: chrome.exe
case sensitive: false
times:
  - day_of_week_start: 2     # 1 - 7
    day_of_week_end: 6       # 1 - 7
    time_of_day_start: 2200  # 0 - 2359
    time_of_day_end: 2359    # 0 - 2359
    tz: America/Los_Angeles  # time zone
  - day_of_week_start: 2
    day_of_week_end: 6
    time_of_day_start: 0
    time_of_day_end: 500
    tz: America/Los_Angeles

Time Zone

The tz should match a TZ database name from the Time Zones Database.